Exploring AI with Communities in Kuching, Sarawak

From April 7th to 12th, 2025, I had the pleasure of visiting Kuching, Sarawak, alongside my colleague Lea Krause and Master’s student Eva Heemskerk from Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. This visit, made possible through our long-standing collaboration with UNIMAS, was a vibrant mix of education, cultural exchange, and engaging discussions on the future of AI in society. dr. Cheah Wai Shiang, Associate Professor at UNIMAS was again our main point of contact for engaging with various communities.

We kicked off our trip at SMK Agama Tun Ahmad Zaidi, where Lea introduced Form 3 students to the fascinating world of Natural Language Processing and Large Language Models using Hugging Face tools. The students experimented with sentiment analysis and chatbots—many for the first time.

Lea Krause assisting students with LLMs (photo by Celine Haren and Cheah Wai Shiang)

Later that day, I delivered a lecture at UNIMAS on “Knowledge Graphs for Cultural AI,” emphasizing how cultural context can shape ethical and inclusive AI systems. During the trip, we also managed to do some data gathering about colonial cultural heritage, by presenting participants with objects from the Sarawak region and asking their perspective on objects. This is done in the context of our HAICu project.

At Sarawak Skills, I presented on embedding AI into technical and vocational education, followed by a thoughtful roundtable on how educators can guide students to use (Hybrid) AI critically.

The discussion panel at Sarawak Skills (photo: Celine Haren and Cheah Wai Shiang)

On our final day, we visited SK Muhibbah, a rural primary school, where we shared stories about the Netherlands and engaged with young students whose curiosity and enthusiasm reminded us of AI’s potential to reach and inspire across all communities.

The three of us with school teachers and ms. Nurfauza, dr. Cheah and Celine

That afternoon, we also met with the minister of Education and the director of the new Sarawak AI institute to explore possible cooperation between VU, UNIMAS and the institute.

This visit was a truly enriching experience, made possible by the ERASMUS+ funding scheme. We very much look forward to deepening our collaborations in the region.

Visiting the Muhibah village

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A Polyvocal and Contextualised Semantic Web

[This post is the text of a 1-minute pitch at the IWDS symposium for our poster “A Polyvocal and Contextualised Semantic Web” which was published as the paper”Erp, Marieke van, and Victor de Boer. “A Polyvocal and Contextualised Semantic Web.” European Semantic Web Conference. Springer, Cham, 2021.”]

Knowledge graphs are a popular way of representing and sharing data, information and knowledge in many domains on the Semantic Web. These knowledge graphs however often represent singular -biased- views on the word, this can lead to unwanted bias in AI using this data. We therefore identify a need a more polyvocal Semantic Web.

So. How do we get there?

  1. We need perspective-aware methods for identifying existing polyvocality in datasets and for acquiring it from text or users.
  2. We need datamodels and patterns to represent polyvocal data information and knowledge.
  3. We need visualisations and tools to make the polyvocal knowledge accessible and usable for a wide variety of users, including domain experts or laypersons with varying backgrounds.

In the Cultural AI Lab, we investigate these challenges in several interrelated research projects, but we cannot do it, and should not do it alone and are looking for more voices to join us!

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